^L. 

Lehigh  University 
bulletin. 


Vol.  2, 


September,  1907. 


No.  1. 


'  COURSES  IN 

CHEMISTRY 


!itf£Ssiry 

U4/V 


AND 


'Vj£ 

CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING 

^  UNDER  DIRECTION  OF 

WILLIAM  B.  SCHOBER,  B.S.,  A.M.,  Ph.D. 


Application  made  for  entry  as  second-class  matter. 


SOUTH  BETHLEHEM,  PENNA. 
Published  by  the  University. 


LEHIGH  UNIVERSITY 

FOUNDED  BY  ASA  PACKER 


COURSES  IN 

Chemistry 

AND 

Chemical  Engineering 

UNDER  DIRECTION  OF 

WILLIAM  B.  SCHOBER,  B.S.,  A.M.,  Ph.D. 


I.  OFFICERS  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY. 

II.  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  ADMISSION. 

III.  PROGRAMS  OF  STUDIES. 

IV.  SYNOPSES  OF  STUDIES. 

V.  THE  CHEMICAL  LABORATORY. 

VI.  THE  COURSE  IN  CHEMISTRY. 

VII.  SHOP  VISITS. 

VIII.  THESES. 

IX.  GRADUATE  COURSES.  SPECIAL  COURSES. 

X.  SUMMER  SCHOOLS. 

XI.  THE  COURSE  IN  CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


South  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania 

1907 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/courseinchemistrOOIehi 


I.  Officers  of  the  University. 


ADMINISTRATIVE  OFFICERS. 

Henry  S.  Drinker,  President. 

Elisha  P.  Wilbur,  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
R.  Morris  Gum  mere.  Treasurer. 

John  L.  Stewart,  Director  of  the  Library. 
Charles  L.  Thornburg,  Secretary  of  the  Faculty. 
Natt  M.  Emery,  Registrar. 


OFFICERS  OF  INSTRUCTION. 

In  Chemistry  and  Chemical  Engineering. 

William  B.  Schober,  B.S.,  A.M.,  Ph.D., 

Professor  of  Chemistry. 

Harry  M.  Ullmann,  A.B.,  Ph.D., 

Assistant  Professor  of  Quantitative  and  Industrial  Analysis. 

Alpha  A.  Diefenderfer,  A.C., 

Instructor  in  Assaying  and  Quantitative  Analysis. 

George  C.  Beck,  A.C., 

Instructor  in  Chemistry. 

Vahan  S.  Babasinian,  A.M.,  Ph.D., 

Instructor  in  Chemical  Philosophy  and  Organic  Chemistry. 

Frederick  S.  Beattie,  Ph.B., 

Instructor  in  Chemistry. 

William  N.  Berkeley,  B.S.,  Ph.D., 

Instructor  in  Industrial  Chemistry  and  Qualitative  Analysis. 

Arthur  Edgar,  A.C., 

Assistant  in  Chemistry. 

Dunlap  J.  McAdam,  Jr.,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.S., 
Assistant  in  Chemistry. 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


the  Engineering  Subjects  of  the  Course 
Chemical  Engineering. 

Joseph  F.  Klein,  D.E., 

Professor  of  Mechanical  Engineering. 

William  Esty,  S.B.,  M.A., 

Professor  of  Electrical  Engineering. 

Robert  C.  H.  Heck,  M.  E., 

Assistant  Professor  of  Mechanical  Engineering. 

Louis  C.  Loewenstein,  Ph.D., 

Instructor  in  Mechanical  Engineering. 

Stanley  S.  Seyfert,  E.E., 

Instructor  in  Electrical  Engineering. 

Arthur  Warner  Klein,  M.E., 

Instructor  in  Mechanical  Engineering. 

Clarence  E.  Clewell,  E.E., 

Instructor  in  Electrical  Engineering. 

Edward  L.  Jones,  M.E., 

Instructor  ifi  Mechanical  Engineering. 


In  Other  Related  Subjects. 

Charles  L.  Thornburg,  C.E.,  Ph.D., 
Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

William  C.  Thayer,  M.A.,  L.H.D., 
Professor  of  the  English  Language  and  Literature. 

William  Suddards  Franklin,  M.S.,  Sc.D., 
Professor  of  Physics. 

John  L.  Stewart,  A.B.,  Ph.B., 
Professor  of  Economics  and  History. 

Joseph  W.  Richards,  M.A.,  A.C.,  M.S.,  Ph.D., 
Professor  of  Metallurgy. 

Arthur  E.  Meaker,  C.E., 

Professor  of  Mathematics. 

Preston  A.  Lambert,  M.A., 

Professor  of  Mathematics. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


5 


Philip  M.  Palmer,  A.B., 

Professor  of  Modern  Languages  and  Literatures. 

Benjamin  LeRoy  Miller,  Ph.D., 
Professor  of  Geology. 

Robert  W.  Hall,  A.M.,  Ph.D., 

Assistant  Professor  of  Biology. 

John  Hutcheson  Ogburn,  C.E., 

Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

Barry  MacNutt,  E.E.,  M.S., 

Assistant  Professor  of  Physics. 

Emil  Gelhaar, 

Instructor  in  Freehand  Drawing. 

Chauncy  M.  Crawford,  B.A., 

Instructor  in  Physics. 

James  Warren  Miller,  B.S.,  M.A.,  Ph.D., 
Instructor  in  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

Walter  S.  Landis,  Met.E.,  M.S., 
Instructor  in  Mineralogy  and  Metallurgy. 

John  E.  Stocker,  B.S., 

Instructor  in  Mathematics. 

Otto  C.  Burkhart,  B.S.,  E.M.,  C.E., 
Instructor  in  Mineralogy  and  Metallurgy. 

Charles  Shattuck  Fox,  LL.B.,  A.M., 
Instructor  in  Modern  Languages. 

Charles  F.  Woods,  A.B.,  Ph.D., 
Instructor  in  Modern  Languages. 

Charles  K.  Meschter,  B.S.,  B.A., 
Instructor  in  English. 

Sidney  J.  Lockner,  B.A., 

Instructor  in  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

Arthur  J.  Weston,  B.A.,  M.A., 

Instructor  in  English. 

Charles  C.  Schenck,  Ph.D., 

Instructor  in  Physics. 

Frank  Richmond  Ingalsbe,  B.S.,  S.B., 
Instructor  in  Geology. 

James  Hunter  Wiley,  E.E., 

Instructor  in  Physics. 


6 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


Mead  Reginald  Beck,  B.A., 
Assistant  in  German. 

Hiram  Dryer  McCaskey,  B.S.,  M.S., 
Assistant  in  Geology. 


LECTURERS. 

Edward  H.  Williams,  Jr.,  B.A.,  E.M.,  A.C.,  F.G.S.A., 
Mining  and  Geology. 

William  L.  Estes,  M.D., 

Physiology  and  Hygiene. 

Alexander  MacFarlane,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  LL.D., 
Mathematical  Physics. 


II.  Requirements  for  Admission. 

Candidates  for  admission  to  the  Course  in  Chemistry  or 
Chemical  Engineering  will  be  examined  in  the  following  sub¬ 
jects  : 

1.  English. — This  requirement  includes:  (a)  English  Gram¬ 
mar,  especial  attention  being  given  to  the  analysis  and  correc¬ 
tion  of  sentences ;  and  ( b )  Rhetoric  and  Composition.  Any 
High  School  Rhetoric  will  be  sufficient,  together  with  practical 
exercises  in  composition. 

2.  American  History,  with  the  elements  of  civil  government. 
This  includes  colonial  history,  with  a  view  to  the  origin  and 
development  of  our  institutions,  and  the  period  of  discovery  and 
early  settlement,  so  as  to  set  forth  the  relations  of  peoples  in 
America  and  the  meaning  of  the  struggle  for  mastery.  (As  in 
Channing,  McMaster,  Thomas,  or  McLaughlin.)  Throughout 
this  examination  special  emphasis  will  be  laid  on  knowledge  of 
the  physical  and  political  geography  of  the  countries  concerned. 

3  (a).  Elementary  Algebra. — Fundamental  principles.  Factor¬ 
ing.  Least  common  multiple.  Greatest  common  divisor.  Frac¬ 
tions.  Involution.  Evolution.  Radicals.  Imaginary  quantities. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING.  7 

Equations  of  the  first  and  second  degrees.  Ratio.  Proportion 
and  progressions. 

3  ( b ).  Advanced  Algebra. — Binomial  Theorem  for  any  ex¬ 
ponent,  Logarithms,  Compound  Interest  and  Annuities,  Theory 
of  Quadratic  Equations,  Variations,  Indeterminate  Equations, 
Inequalities,  Undetermined  Co-efficients  and  Partial  Fractions. 

4.  Geometry. — Fundamental  principles.  Rectilinear  figures. 
The  circle.  Proportional  lines  and  similar  figures.  Comparison 
and  measurement  of  the  surfaces  of  rectilinear  figures.  Regular 
polygons.  Measurement  of  the  circle.  Maxima  and  minima  of 
plane  figures,  and  plane  and  polyhedral  angles.  Solid  geometry. 

Candidates  must  have  a  knowledge  of  the  metric  system  and 
be  prepared  to  solve  problems  in  either  Algebra  or  Geometry 
involving  the  use  of  the  metric  units. 

5.  Plane  Trigonometry  and  Logarithms. — Through  the  solution 
of  right  and  oblique  triangles.  Candidates  must  bring  their 
logarithmic  tables  to  the  examination. 

All  mathematical  subjects  should  be  thoroughly  re¬ 
viewed  IN  THE  LAST  YEAR’S  WORK  OF  THE  PREPARATORY  SCHOOL. 

6.  Elementary  Physics. — This  requirement  may  be  met  by  a 
good  course  in  any  of  the  standard  High  School  text-books  in 
Physics,  such  as  Gage’s  Elements  of  Physics,  Carhart  and 
Chute’s  Physics,  or  Avery’s  Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy. 
Ability  to  solve  simple  numerical  problems  is  required.  In  case 
the  candidate  has  done  laboratory  work  in  Physics  he  should 
submit  his  laboratory  note  book  at  the  time  of  his  examination 
for  entrance. 

7.  German. — This  requirement  will  be  satisfied  by  the  com¬ 
pletion  of  an  amount  equivalent  to  Part  i  of  Joynes-Meissner’s 
or  Calvin  Thomas’s  Grammar,  Buchheim’s  Reader,  and  the  read¬ 
ing  of  not  less  than  200  octavo  pages  of  standard  German  texts. 

An  equivalent  amount  of  French  will  be  accepted  in  cases  in 
which  it  is  inconvenient  for  the  candidate  to  offer  German.  The 
amount  thus  required  in  French  is  equivalent  to  Frazer  and 
Squair’s  Grammar  and  the  reading  of  not  less  than  200  octavo 
pages  of  modern  French. 


8 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


The  candidate  is  expected  to  have  acquired  the  ability  to 
understand  simple  German  (or  French)  prose.  His  proficiency 
will  be  tested  by  questions  on  the  rudiments  of  Grammar,  by 
translations  of  simple  English  sentences,  and  by  translations  at 
sight  of  easy  German  (or  French)  prose,  containing  no  rare 
words. 

Beginning  September,  1908,  French  will  not  be  accepted  as 
an  entrance  subject  for  the  courses  in  Chemistry  and  Chemical 
Engineering. 


III.  Program  of  Studies. 

THE  COURSE  IN  CHEMISTRY. 


FIRST  TERM. 

FRESHMAN 

YEAR. 

SECOND  TERM. 

Analytic  Geometry, 

6 

Calculus, 

Chemistry, 

2 

Qualitative  Analysis, 

Chemical  Laboratory, 

2 

Stoichiometry, 

German  or  French, 

3 

Physics, 

English, 

3 

Physical  Laboratory, 

Freehand  Drawing, 

1 

German  or  French, 

Gymnasium, 

2 

English, 

Gymnasium, 

6 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 
2 


SOPHOMORE  YEAR. 


FIRST  TERM. 

Mechanics,  4 

Chemical  Philosophy,  3 

Quantitative  Analysis,  5 

Quantitative  Anal.  Conference,  1 
Physics,  3 

Physical  Laboratory,  1 

English,  2 

JUNIOR 

FIRST  TERM. 

*Quantitative  Analysis,  6 

Quantitative  Anal.  Conference,  2 
Physical  Chemistry,  2 

Physical  Chemistry  Laboratory,  1 
Crystallography,  2 

Economics,  1 

Technical  German,  2 


SECOND  TERM. 


Physics,  3 

Physical  Laboratory,  1 

Advanced  Chemistry,  3 

Blowpipe  Analysis,  1 

Quantitative  Analysis,  7 


Quantitative  Anal.  Conference,  2 


YEAR. 

SECOND  TERM. 

Organic  Chemistry,  4 

Organic  Chemistry  Laboratory,  4 
Metallurgy,  5 

Mineralogy,  3 

Economics,  1 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


9 


SENIOR 


FIRST  TERM. 

Metallurgy,  4 

Assaying,  3 

Industrial  Chem.  Laboratory,  3 

Bacteriology,  2 

Blowpipe  Analysis,  1 

Geology,  3 

Theory  of  Electrolysis,  1 

Electrometallurgy  Laboratory,  1 


YEAR. 

SECOND  TERM. 

Industrial  Chemistry, 

Industrial  Analysis, 

Industrial  Anal.  Conference, 
Sanitary  Chemistry  Laboratory, 
Geology, 

Electrometallurgy, 
Electrometallurgy  Laboratory, 
Thesis, 


3 

3 

1 

3 

2 
1 
1 

3 


The  terms  are  of  equal  length.  The  figures  indicate  exercises  per  week. 
A  lecture  or  recitation  period  occupies  one  hour,  a  drawing  period  two 
hours,  and  a  laboratory  period  three  hours. 

*Optional  courses  'in  Advanced  Quantitative  Analysis  will  be  offered 
from  year  to  year  to  students  properly  qualified.  For  1907-1908  the  courses 
embrace  the  analysis  of  ferro-alloys  and  the  analysis  of  complex  copper 
slimes. 


THE  COURSE  IN  CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


FIRST  TERM. 

Analytic  Geometry, 
Chemistry, 

Chemical  Laboratory, 
German,  or  French, 
Freehand  Drawing, 
English, 

Gymnasium, 


FRESHMAN  YEAR. 

SECOND  TERM. 

6  Calculus, 

2  Physics, 

2  Physical  Laboratory, 

3  Qualitative  Analysis, 

1  Stoichiometry, 

3  German,  or  French, 

2  English, 

Gymnasium, 


SUMMER  TERM. 

Constructive  Elements  of  Machinery  and  of  Electrical  Apparatus. 


6 

2 
1 

3 

1 

3 

2 
2 


SOPHOMORE  YEAR. 


FIRST  TERM. 

Mechanics, 

Chemical  Philosophy, 
Quantitative  Analysis, 
Quantitative  Anal.  Conference, 
Physics, 

Physical  Laboratory, 

English, 

Drawing  and  Mach.  Design, 


SECOND  TERM. 

4  Advanced  Chemistry, 

3  Quantitative  Analysis, 

3  Steam  Engine, 

1  Machine  Design, 

3  Physics, 

1  Physical  Laboratory, 

2 

3 


SUMMER  TERM. 

Mechanical  Technology. 


3 

4 
4 
3 
3 
1 


10 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


JUNIOR 

YEAR. 

FIRST  TERM. 

SECOND  TERM. 

Quantitative  Analysis, 

4 

Organic  Chemistry, 

4 

Engineering  Laboratory, 

2 

Organic  Chem.  Laboratory, 

4 

Elec,  and  Magnetism, 

2 

Metallurgy, 

5 

Electrical  Laboratory, 

1 

Engineering  Laboratory, 

1 

Dynamos  and  Motors, 

2 

Electrical  Engineering, 

2 

Physical  Chemistry, 

2 

Electrical  Laboratory, 

1 

Physical  Chemistry  Laboratory,  i 

Technical  German, 

2 

Boilers, 

1 

SUMMER  TERM. 

Engineering  Laboratory. 

SENIOR 

YEAR. 

FIRST  TERM. 

SECOND  TERM. 

Industrial  Chem.  Laboratory,  3 

Industrial  Chemistry, 

3 

Assaying, 

3 

Industrial  Analysis, 

3 

Metallurgy, 

4 

Industrial  Analysis  Conference,  1 

Bacteriology, 

2 

Sanitary  Chemistry  Laboratory,  3 

Engineering  Laboratory, 

1 

Electrometallurgy, 

1 

Mech.  of  Machinery, 

2 

Electrometallurgy  Laboratory, 

1 

Economics, 

I 

Economics 

1 

Theory  of  Electrolysis, 

1 

Thesis, 

3 

Electrometallurgy  Laboratory,  1 

IV. 

Synopsis 

of  Studies. 

THE  COURSE  IN 

CHEMISTRY. 

English. 

Physics. 

Rhetoric, 

32 

Mechanics  and  Heat, 

32 

American  Literature, 

16 

Electricity  and  Magnetism, 

48 

English  Literature, 

32 

Light  and  Sound, 

48 

History  of  the  English 

Lan- 

Physical  Laboratory, 

144 

guage, 

32 

Essays, 

12 

272 

124 

Mineralogy  and  Geology. 

Crystallography, 

32 

Mathematics  and  Mechanics. 

Mineralogy, 

48 

Elementary  Mechanics, 

64 

Blowpipe  Analysis, 

80 

Analytic  Geometry, 

96 

Metallurgy, 

144 

Differential  and  Integral 

Geology, 

80 

Calculus, 

96 

256 

384 

CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


I 


Chemistry. 

Industrial  Chemistry, 

48 

General  Chemistry  Lectures, 

32 

Industrial  Chem.  Laboratory, 

144 

General  Chemistry  Recitations,  32 

Industrial  Analysis, 

144 

General  Chemistry  Laboratory,  64 

Industrial  Analysis  Conference,  16 

Qualitative  Analysis, 

144 

Sanitary  Chemistry, 

144 

Stoichiometry, 

16 

Electrolysis, 

16 

Chemical  Philosophy, 

48 

Electrometallurgy,  . 

16 

Advanced  Chemistry, 

48 

Electrometallurgy  Laboratory, 

96 

Quantitative  Analysis, 

864 

Thesis, 

144 

Quant.  Analysis  Conference, 

80 

— 

Organic  Chemistry  Lectures, 

64 

2576 

Organic  Chem.  Laboratory, 

192 

Gymnasium, 

64 

Assaying  Lectures, 

8 

Freehand  Drawing, 

32 

Assaying  Recitations, 

8 

Economics, 

32 

Assaying  Laboratory, 

128 

German  (or  French), 

96 

Physical  Chemistry, 

32 

Technical  German, 

32 

Physical  Chem.  Laboratory, 

48 

Bacteriology, 

96 

The  figures  give  the  number  of  hours  devoted  to  each  subject. 


THE  COURSE  IN  CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


English. 

Engineering  Subjects. 

Rhetoric, 

32 

Drawing  and  Machine  Design, 

192 

American  Literature, 

16 

Boilers, 

16 

English  Literature, 

32 

Steam  Engine, 

64 

History  of  English  Literature, 

32 

Mechanics  of  Machinery, 

64 

Essays, 

12 

Engineering  Laboratory, 

192 

Electricity  and  Magnetism, 

32 

124 

Dynamos  and  Motors, 

32 

Mathematics  and  Mechanics. 

Electrical  Engineering, 
Electrical  Laboratory, 

32 

96 

Elementary  Mechanics, 

64 

Analytic  Geometry, 

Differential  and  Integral 

96 

Chemistry. 

720 

Calculus, 

96 

General  Chemistry  Lectures, 

32 

General  Chemistry  Recitations, 

,  32 

Physics. 

256 

General  Chemistry  Laboratory,  64 

Qualitative  Analysis, 

144 

Mechanics  and  Heat, 

32 

Stoichiometry, 

16 

Electricity  and  Magnetism 

48 

Chemical  Philosophy, 

48 

Light  and  Sound, 

48 

Advanced  Chemistry, 

48 

Physical  Laboratory, 

144 

Quantitative  Analysis, 

528 

Quantitative  Anal.  Conference, 

48 

272 

Organic  Chemistry  Lectures, 

64 

12 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


Organic  Chemistry  Laboratory, 

192 

Freehand  Drawing, 

32 

Assaying, 

144 

Gymnasium, 

64 

Physical  Chemistry, 

80 

Economics, 

32 

Industrial  Chemistry, 

352 

German  ( or  French), 

96 

Sanitary  Chemistry, 

144 

Technical  German, 

32 

Electrolysis, 

16 

Bacteriology, 

96 

Electrometallurgy, 

16 

Electrometallurgy  Laboratory, 

96 

Thesis, 

144 

2208 

V.  The  Chemical  Laboratory. 

This  is  a  splendidly  equipped,  fire-proof  building  of  sand  stone, 
219  feet  in  length  by  44  in  width,  with  a  wing  devoted  to  the 
courses  in  Metallurgy. 

In  the  basement  is  the  large  laboratory  for  the  furnace  assay 
of  ores,  containing  working  tables  for  each  student,  twenty-nine 
crucible,  two  iron  and  eight  muffle  furnaces,  with  adjoining 
rooms  for  assay  supplies,  for  balances,  and  gold  and  silver 
bullion  analysis.  On  this  floor  there  is  also  a  toilet  room,  store¬ 
room  for  acids,  recitation  room,  a  steam  engine  and  air  pump, 
which  supplies  the  entire  building  with  blast  and  suction,  gas 
analysis  laboratory,  photometric  laboratory,  two  laboratories  for 
industrial  chemistry,  containing,  in  addition  to  the  usual  appa¬ 
ratus  for  the  manufacture  of  chemicals,  for  calico-printing, 
dyeing  and  bleaching,  an  experimental  plant  for  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  illuminating  gas,  an  alcohol  still,  worm  and  doubler,  and 
a  working  model  of  a  -steam  centrifugal  engine. 

On  the  first  floor  is  the  large  lecture  room,  seating  175 
persons,  the  office  and  private  laboratory  of  the  professor  of 
chemistry,  two  recitation  rooms,  lecture  preparation  room, 
museum,  the  office  and  private  laboratory  of  the  instructor  in 
organic  chemistry,  and  the  laboratory  for  organic  chemistry. 
This  laboratory  is  supplied  with  air-baths,  steam-baths,  oxygen 
tank,  combustion  furnaces,  etc.  The  working  tables,  like  those 
throughout  the  building,  have  soapstone  tops,  and  each  table  is 
provided  with  gas,  water,  suction,  blast  and  high  pressure  steam. 
Adjoining  this  laboratory  is  a  small  balance  room,  and  a  coat 
room. 


4 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


The  laboratory  for  sanitary  chemistry  is  also  on  this  floor.  It 
is  provided  with  the  necessary  apparatus  for  the  analysis  of  the 
substances  given  on  page  21. 

The  second  floor  is  devoted  to  laboratories  for  analytical 
chemistry,  hydrogen  sulphide  room,  offices  and  private  labora¬ 
tories  of  the  instructors  in  qualitative  and  quantitative  analysis, 
combustion  room,  balance  room,  supply  room,  and  a  small 
laboratory  for  industrial  analysis. 

The  laboratory  for  Elementary  Chemistry  and  Qualitative 
Analysis  is  a  large,  well-ventilated,  well-lighted  room,  22  feet 
in  height,  with  desk-room  for  84  students  at  one  time,  supplied 
with  convenient  working  tables,  vacuum  filtration,  hoods  and 
steam-baths.  Distilled  water  is  delivered  by  faucet  in  this  and 
the  other  laboratories. 

The  laboratory  for  Quantitative  Analysis  is  another  large 
room  with  desk  space  for  48  students,  equipped  like  the  Qualita¬ 
tive  Laboratory,  but  is  supplied  in  addition  with  the  apparatus 
for  the  accurate  and  convenient  carrying  out  of  the  operations 
of  quantitative  analytical  chemistry. 

One  of  the  distinguishing  features  of  this  laboratory  is  the 
generous  amount  of  desk-room,  hood-space,  steam-tables  and 
other  important  accessories  allotted  to  each  student.  The  steam- 
tables  in  this  laboratory  are  furnished  with  high  pressure  steam 
day  and  night,  thus  giving  the  student  the  opportunity  of  carry¬ 
ing  on  the  tedious,  time-consuming  operations  of  evaporating 
solutions,  drying  precipitates  and  residues,  etc.,  after  the  regular 
laboratory  periods  for  the  day  are  ended.  This  is  a  valuable 
advantage,  which,  in  connection  with  the  convenient  arrange¬ 
ment  of  the  equipment,  is  a  most  important  factor  in  enabling 
the  student  to  accomplish  satisfactorily  an  unusually  large 
amount  of  work  in  the  time  scheduled  for  it. 

The  material  conditions  are  favorable  for  the  development  ot 
a  high  degree  of  skill  and  rapidity  in  manipulation  consistent 
with  the  requisite  accuracy. 

On  this  floor  there  is  also  a  laboratory  for  the  testing  of 
alcoholic  liquors,  sugar,  soap,  oils,  fats,  explosives,  paints,  dyes 
and  other  industrial  products. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


15 


On  the  third  floor  there  is  a  store  room,  two  dark  rooms, 
recitation  room,  and  room  containing  the  still  which  supplies 
the  building  with  distilled  water. 

The  building  is  open  daily  from  8  a.m.  to  6  p.m.,  and  students 
are  permitted  to  put  in  as  much  extra  time  as  they  desire. 


VI.  The  Course  in  Chemistry. 

The  studies  of  this  course  are  designed  to  prepare  students 
for  the  profession  of  chemist,  in  connection  with  various  manu¬ 
facturing  operations  involving  chemical  or  metallurgical 
principles ;  for  the  profession  of  expert  or  consulting  chemist ; 
for  the  preparation  of  teachers  of  chemistry,  and  as  a  course 
preliminary  to  the  study  of  medicine. 

With  these  objects  in  view,  the  instruction  is  of  such  a 
character  as  to  emphasize  the  great  importance  of  accurate 
work,  to  teach  the  student  to  make  careful  observations  and  de¬ 
ductions,  to  develop  scientific  habits  of  thought,  as  well  as  to 
give  him  a  knowledge  of  the  principles  and  facts  of  chemistry. 
The  instruction  is  eminently  practical,  a  large  portion  of  it 
being  devoted  to  laboratory  work  during  the  four  years  neces¬ 
sary  to  complete  the  course. 

Graduates  of  this  course  receive  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Science  in  Chemistry. 

GENERAL  AND  SCIENTIFIC  STUDIES. 

The  subjects  included  in  the  course  in  Chemistry  other  than 
those  of  a  chemical  character,  are :  English,  German  (or 
French),  Physical  Culture,  Analytic  Geometry,  Differential  and 
Integral  Calculus,  Mechanics,  Physics,  Freehand  Drawing, 
Crystallography,  Blowpipe  Analysis,  Mineralogy,  Geology, 
Electrolysis,  Metallurgy,  Electrometallurgy,  Economics,  and 
Bacteriology. 

The  time  devoted  to  these  subjects  has  been  given  in  the 
Program  and  Synopsis  of  Studies.  Fuller  details  concerning 
them  may  be  found  in  the  University  Register. 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


16 


GENERAL  CHEMISTRY. 

During  the  first  term  of  the  Freshman  year  the  introduction 
to  the  fundamental  principles  of  chemistry  is  presented  to  the 
student  by  lectures,  fully  illustrated  by  experiments,  charts  and 
specimens  from  the  Museum,  recitations  and  laboratory  work. 
Each  student  repeats  at  his  laboratory  desk  many  of  the  ex¬ 
periments  he  has  seen  performed  on  the  lecture  table.  He  is 
thus  able  to  verify  the  statements  made  in  the  lectures  and  text, 
to  develop  his  powers  of  accurate  observation  and  of  drawing 
correct  inferences  from  such  observations.  He  records  his 
observations  and  deductions  immediately  after  performing  an 
experiment,  in  a  laboratory  note  book  which  is  examined  and 
corrected  daily  by  an  instructor  in  the  presence  of  the  student. 
He  has  the  opportunity  at  all  times  of  consulting  the  instructor 
about  difficulties  that  may  arise,  but  he  is  urged  not  to  ask  any 
questions  which  he  may  be  able  to  answer  for  himself  by  a 
little  thought,  or  reference  to  a  suitable  text. 

The  laboratory  sections  are  small.  Usually  each  instructor 
has  charge  of  not  more  than  fourteen  students.  With  the  small 
laboratory  sections,  the  three  phase  method  of  presentation  of 
the  subject, — lectures,  recitations  and  individual  experimenta¬ 
tion — in  addition  to  the  daily  personal  attention  which  every 
student  receives,  he  has  unusual  facilities  for  acquiring  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject. 

The  text  book  is  Remsen’s  Chemistry,  Briefer  Course. 

QUALITATIVE  ANALYSIS. 

The  study  of  Qualitative  Analysis  is  taken  up  at  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  the  second  term  and  continued  throughout  the  term. 
This  course  is  open  to  all  students  who  have  passed  the  examin¬ 
ations  in  the  General  Chemistry  of  the  first  term. 

Lectures  on  the  subject  are  delivered  to  the  class,  during 
which  the  reactions  involved  in  the  detection  and  separation  of 
the  elements  and  compounds  are  explained  and  demonstrated 
by  experiments. 

The  laboratory  work  consists  in  individual  experimentation 
covering  the  necessary  tests  and  the  methods  for  making  separa¬ 
tions  of  elements  and  compounds. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING.  I  7 

The  student  is  encouraged  by  suggestions  and  references  to 
the  text  to  supplement  the  knowledge  gained  from  the  experi¬ 
ments,  and  to  learn  to  express  correctly  the.  particulars  of  any 
chemical  action  he  has  brought  about.  He  records  his  observa¬ 
tions  in  a  note  book,  which  is  inspected  at  each  laboratory  exer¬ 
cise  by  the  instructor,  who  discusses  with  the  student  the 
work  performed  and  recorded. 

During  the  term  each  student  analyzes  about  forty  “unknown” 
substances.  Whenever  it  seems  desirable,  the  instructor  per¬ 
forms  an  analysis  with  the  student,  during  which  the  details  of 
manipulation  and  the  method  of  procedure  are  pointed  out.  The 
text-book  is  Treadwell’s  Analytical  Chemistry,  Vol.  I. 

STOICHIOMETRY. 

This  is  a  class-room  subject  of  two  hours  per  week,  running 
parallel  with  Qualitative  Analysis. 

A  portion  of  the  time  is  devoted  to  instruction  in  the  theory 
and  practice  of  qualitative  analysis,  to  the  writing  of  equations 
expressing  the  reactions  carried  out  in  the  laboratory,  and  to  the 
discussion  of  the  usual  difficulties  which  the  student  encounters. 

The  remainder  of  the  time  allotted  to  the  subject  is  devoted  to 
the  solving  of  problems  involving  the  calculations  that  arise  in 
analytical,  synthetical,  metallurgical  and  other  industrial  pro¬ 
cesses. 

The  texts  used  are  Treadwell’s  Analytical  Chemistry,  Vol.  I, 
and  Whiteley’s  Chemical  Calculations. 

CHEMICAL  PHILOSOPHY. 

This  is  a  course  in  theoretical  chemistry  given  during  the  first 
term  of  the  Sophomore  year.  The  fundamental  theories  and 
laws  of  chemistry  are  discussed  and  their  value  in  the  interpreta¬ 
tion  of  chemical  facts  emphasized.  The  text-book  is  Tilden’s 
Chemical  Philosophy. 

ADVANCED  CHEMISTRY. 

Instruction  in  this  subject  is  given  in  the  second  term  of  the 
Sophomore  year.  It  includes  a  systematic  study  of  the  elements 
and  their  compounds.  The  course  is  based  upon  Newth’s  In¬ 
organic  Chemistry. 


1 8  COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 

QUANTITATIVE  ANALYSIS. 

Mineral,  Gas,  Sanitary,  Industrial  Organic  Analysis 

The  subject  of  quantitative  analysis  claims  the  attendance  of 
the  student  of  chemistry  for  nineteen  hours  per  week  during  a 
period  equivalent  to  two  collegiate  years — two  terms  during  the 
Sophomore  year,  one  term  during  the  Junior  year,  and  again  in 
the  final  term  of  the  Senior  year. 

Usually  the  graduated  student’s  first  occupation  is  most  inti¬ 
mately  connected  with  the  knowledge  of  and  practical  ability  in 
analytical  methods,  and  it  is  essential  that  his  instruction  and 
opportunities  for  development  should  be  laid  along  lines  of 
broad  scientific  foundations  and  adapted  to  the  methods  of 
modern  practice. 

Supplementing  the  individual  instruction  given  in  the  labora¬ 
tory,  there  is  carried  on  a  series  of  lectures,  recitations,  and 
more  informal  class-room  exercises,  in  which  are  discussed  the 
methods  and  processes  of  analysis  employed,  the  relation  of 
quantitative  analysis  to  other  branches  of  chemistry,  the  laws  of 
solution,  precipitation,  mass-action,  etc.,  etc.,  which  bear  upon 
the  subject  in  hand  and  lead  to  the  mastery  of  a  profession 
rather  than  expertness  in  a  trade. 

A  careful  determination  of  the  constants  of  a  balance  as  ap¬ 
plied  to  quantitative  analysis  precedes  actual  analysis.  Rigorous 
gravimetric  determinations  of  moisture,  sulphur  trioxide,  iron, 
barium,  magnesium,  and  chlorine  introduce  the  beginner  to  the 
subject.  These  are  followed  by  the  preparation  and  use  of 
standard  solutions  required  in  the  volumetric  methods  included 
under  acidimetry,  alkalimetry  and  chlorimetry.  More  compli¬ 
cated  analyses  are  now  taken  up.  A  complete  analysis  of  lime¬ 
stone  and  cement,  iron  ore,  copper  ore  by  electrolytic  method, 
spiegel  iron,  coal,  zinc  ore  and  its  metallurgical  products,  lead 
ore,  copper  alloys,  and  ores  containing  titanium.  The  course 
thus  far  outlined  is  completed  in  the  Sophomore  year. 

During  the  first  term  of  the  Junior  year  analyses  are  made  of 
pig  iron,  steel,  pyrolusite,  clay,  nickel  ores,  refined  copper, 
copper  ores,  fuel  gas  and  illuminating  gas. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


19 


For  students  properly  prepared,  further  optional  courses  are 
offered :  for  1907-  08,  these  will  include  ferro-alloys  and  com¬ 
plex  copper  slimes. 

After  the  student  has  completed  the  course  in  organic  chem¬ 
istry  in  his  Junior  year  and  the  course  in  industrial  chemistry  in 
the  first  term  of  the  Senior  year,  quantitative  analysis  is  again 
taken  up  as  industrial  and  sanitary  analysis,  and  includes  drink¬ 
ing  water,  air,  milk,  butter,  lard,  fermented  liquors,  illuminating 
and  lubricating  oils,  soaps,  fats,  fertilizers,  explosives,  tan- 
liquors,  syrup  and  sugar.  In  the  whole  course  of  quantitative 
analysis  the  samples  for  analysis  are  those  met  with  in  industrial 
practice,  and  the  course  is  arranged  to  cover  as  many  branches 
of  industrial  activity  as  is  consistent  with  thorough  work  and  the 
time  allotted  to  the  subject.  The  methods  of  analysis  are  taken 
from  text-books,  scientific  journals  and  government  publica¬ 
tions,  supplemented  by  the  most  accurate  and  time-saving 
methods  that  obtain  in  the  practice  of  modern  industrial  and 
works  laboratories. 

PHYSICAL  CHEMISTRY. 

In  addition  to  his  training  in  physics  and  chemistry,  each 
student  receives  special  training  in  physical  chemistry.  The 
course  is  mainly  one  of  recitations  from  Jones’s  Physical  Chem¬ 
istry,  with  informal  lectures  and  explanations  by  the  instructor. 
Two  hours  per  week  are  devoted  to  this  subject  in  the  class¬ 
room,  and  three  hours  in  the  laboratory,  during  the  first  term 
of  the  Junior  year.  The  laboratory  work  consists  in  the  de¬ 
termination  of  molecular  weights,  and  physico-chemical  meas¬ 
urements. 

ORGANIC  CHEMISTRY. 

Instruction  in  this  subject  is  given  during  the  second  term  of 
the  Junior  year.  Four  lectures  and  four  laboratorv  periods  per 
week  are  devoted  to  it.  The  lectures,  fully  illustrated  by  ex¬ 
periments,  specimens  from  the  museum,  charts,  etc.,  deal  with 
the  representatives  of  important  classes  of  carbon  compounds. 
A  special  effort  is  made  to  give  the  student  a  thorough  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  organic  chemistry. 


20 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


The  laboratory  work,  requiring  twelve  hours  per  week,  con¬ 
sists  in  the  determination  of  physical  constants  of  organic  com¬ 
pounds,  the  quantitative  analysis  of  organic  compounds  and  a 
graded  course  of  synthetic  operations, — from  thirty  to  thirty-five 
compounds  are  prepared  by  each  student.  The  course  in 
preparations  begins  with  the  simpler  compounds,  methane, 
ethane,  ethyl  bromide,  iodoform,  ether,  etc.,  etc.  As  the  student 
acquires  skill  in  manipulation,  more  difficult  preparations  are 
given  him,  but  each  experiment  assigned  is  of  such  a  character 
as  to  involve  the  knowledge  of,  or  introduction  to  some  funda¬ 
mental  principle.  While  working  with  a  compound  the  student 
is  encouraged  to  read  the  literature  concerning  it. 

Supplementing  the  lectures  and  laboratory  exercises,  the  in¬ 
structor  gives  each  student  personal  instruction  daily  at  his 
working  table. 

A  course  of  historical  lectures  is  given  by  the  students  during 
this  term.  This  course  is  intended  to  familiarize  the  student 
with  certain  selected  fields  of  the  literature  of  organic  chemistry, 
and  to  give  him  an  opportunity  to  acquire  a  clear,  concise  style 
in  the  discussion  of  scientific  subjects. 

INDUSTRIAL  CHEMISTRY. 

This  important  branch  of  chemistry  receives  the  student’s  at¬ 
tention  for  three  periods  per  week  throughout  the  Senior  year ; 
a  portion  of  the  instruction  is  devoted  to  lectures  and  recita¬ 
tions,  but  the  greater  part  is  given  to  laboratory  work.  The 
main  object  of  this  course  is  to  familiarize  the  student  with  the 
methods  and  processes  employed  in  representative  industrial 
plants.  A  part  of  the  laboratory  work  consists  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  chemically  pure  compounds  from*  raw  materials, 
dyeing  and  calico-printing,  experiments  in  fermentation  and 
rectifying,  the  manufacture  of  illuminating  gas  and  various  other 
selected  experiments  illustrating  certain  phases  of  industrial 
activity.  The  chemicals  are  prepared  in  as  large  quantities  as 
can  be  conveniently  handled  in  the  laboratory. 

The  instruction  in  dyeing  and  calico-printing  consists  of  reci¬ 
tations  based  on  Frap’s  Principles  of  Dyeing,  lectures  and 
practical  exercises.  The  latter  includes  the  application  of  a 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


number  of  typical  dyes  to  the  various  fibers  in  the  form  of  cloth 
and  yarn. 

The  shop  visits  (see  page  21)  are  a  most  valuable  part  of  this 
course. 

ASSAYING. 

Nine  hours  per  week,  (lectures,  recitations  and  laboratory 
work,)  are  devoted  to  this  subject  during  the  first  term  of  the 
Senior  year. 

In  1906-1907  each  student  made  the  following  assays: 

Lead  Sulphide  Ores  (a)  Black  Flux — Substitute  Method.  ( b ) 
Iron  Nail  Method. 

Antimony  Sulphide  Ores,  Cyanide  Method. 

Tin  Oxide  Ores,  Cyanide  Method. 

Rich  Lead. 

Gold  Bullion,  Silver  Bullion.  Official  U.  S.  Methods. 

Copper  Matte,  Dry  Method,  with  a  discussion  of  the  Wet  and 
Combination  Methods. 

Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  six  ores  by  Crucible  and  three  by 
Scorification  Methods. 

Text-Book:  Lodge’s  Notes  on  Assaying. 

SANITARY  CHEMISTRY. 

There  is  a  laboratory  course  of  nine  hours  per  week  during 
the  second  term  of  the  Senior  year.  It  consists  in  the  qualitative 
and  quantitative  examination  of  air,  water,  food,  disinfectants, 
baking-powders,  flour,  bread,  tea,  coffee,  cocoa,  spices,  milk, 
butter,  lard,  beer  and  other  substances  naturally  included  in  this 
branch  of  the  science. 

VII.  Shop  Visits. 

The  proximity  of  the  University  to  the  various  important 
industrial  and  metallurgical  plants  of  the  Lehigh  Valley,  New 
York  City  and  Philadelphia,  offers  to  the  student  of  Chemistry 
or  Chemical  Engineering  at  Lehigh  unusual  facilities  for  ac¬ 
quiring  a  valuable  knowledge  of  industrial  processes.  A  part  of 
the  regular  instruction  in  industrial  chemistry  consists  in  visits 
of  inspection  made  by  the  students,  accompanied  by  an  in- 


22 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


structor,  to  manufacturing  plants.  Through  the  courtesy  of  the 
superintendents,  our  students  had  the  privilege  of  visiting, 
during  the  year  1906-1907,  the  establishments  named  below: 

The  Bethlehem  Steel  Company,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa., 

The  New  Jersey  Zinc  Company,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

The  W.  F.  Romig  Distillery,  Stockertown,  Pa. 

Northampton  Cement  Co.,  Stockertown,  Pa. 

Lotte  Bros.  Dye  Works,  Allentown,  Pa. 

Horlacher’s  Brewery,  Allentown,  Pa. 

Atlas  Cement  Co.,  Alliance,  Pa. 

United  States  Mint,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Tacony  Chemical  Co.,  Bridesburg,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Welsbach  Light  Co.,  Gloucester  City,  N.  J. 

Harrison  Bros,  and  Co.  Inc.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gleason  Teibot  Glass  Works,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

George  Stratford  Oakum  Co.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

New  Jersey  Tissue  Paper  Mill,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Gautier  Crucible  Works,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Babbitt  Soap  Works,  New  York  City. 

Consolidated  Gas  Co.,  New  York  City. 

Board  of  Health  Laboratory,  New  York  City. 

American  Sugar  Refining  Co.,  New  York  City. 


VIII.  Theses. 

The  subjects  for  the  graduating  theses  of  the  candidates  for 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Chemistry  or  Chemical 
Engineer,  are  chosen  in  the  first  term  of  the  Senior  year, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  professor  of  chemistry.  The 
thesis  is  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  final  examinations  of  the 
courses,  and  involves  laboratory  work,  a  careful  examination 
of  the  literature  relating  to  the  subject,  and  informal  con¬ 
ferences  from  time  to  time.  The  originals  will  be  kept  by  the 
University,  as  a  part  of  the  student’s  record;  but  a  copy  may 
be  retained  by  the  student  and  be  published,  permission  being 
first  obtained  from  the  Faculty.  The  following  are  the  titles 
of  theses  presented  by  the  graduates  in  the  years  1899-1907. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


23 


Coffee  and  Its  Adulterations.  R.  C.  Becerra,  Jr. 

Commercial  Sugars,  their  Properties  and  Production,  with 
Experiments  on  the  Cultivation  of  Sugar  Beets  in  the  Saucon 
Valley,  Northampton  County,  Pa.  William  Gummere. 

Portland  Cement.  Geo.  A.  Horne. 

Preparation  of  Isomeric  Amyl  Acetates,  used  as  Flavoring 
Extracts.  Geo.  K.  McGunnegle. 

Meta-amido-benzene  Sulphonic  Acid  and  its  Derivatives. 
W.  L.  Meaker. 

The  Dispositon  of  Tannic  Acid  in  Tanning.  W.  F.  Ulrich. 
The  Acetine  Derivatives  of  Glycerine.  F.  C.  Wettlaufer. 
The  Action  of  Sulphuric  Acid  on  Amyl-phenyl  Ether. 
John  E.  Leibfried. 

The  Volumetric  Determinaton  of  Zinc.  Kenneth  W. 
McComas. 

Catalytic  Formation  of  Sulphuric  Acid.  E.  T.  Satchell. 

The  Action  of  Sulphuric  Acid  on  Isopropyl-phenyl  Ether. 
N.  W.  Buch. 

Molybdenum  and  its  Compounds :  Preparation  and  Pro¬ 
perties.  F.  B.  Gearhart. 

Cultivation  and  Manufacture  of  Sugar  in  Cuba.  A.  J. 
Sanchez. 

The  Action  of  Sulphuric  Acid  on  Isobutyl-phenyl  Ether.  E. 
B.  Wilkinson. 

Arachis  or  Peanut  Oil :  Its  Manufacture,  Detection,  Adul¬ 
teration  and  Uses.  A.  G.  Bachman. 

Underburnt  and  Overburnt  Cement.  A.  A.  Diefenderfer. 
Use  and  Detection  of  Formaldehyde  in  the  Preservation  of 
Food.  C.  A.  Gradwohl. 

Diacetin.  W.  L.  Heim. 

Determination  of  Chromium  in  Iron  and  Steel.  J.  McVey, 
The  Electric  Preparation  of  Chemical  Salts.  G.  C.  Beck. 
Isopropyl-phenyl  Sulphonic  Acid  and  its  Derivatives. 
Courtland  F.  Carrier,  Jr. 

Examination  of  Lehigh  River  Water.  A.  E.  Olpp 
Manufacture  of  Potassium  Chlorate  by  the  Electrical  Pro¬ 
cess.  H.  P.  Barnard. 

The  Weighting  of  Silks.  W.  L.  Bruner. 


24 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


The  Quantitative  Determination  of  Zinc.  W.  W.  Fitch. 

The  Properties  of  Radium  and  its  Separation  from  Pitch¬ 
blende.  L.  R.  Garrison. 

The  Action  of  Nitric  Acid  on  Ferrous  Sulphate.  P.  T. 
Krause. 

The  Manufacture  of  Paper  from  Wood.  H.  W.  Pfahler. 

The  Preparation  and  Properties  of  Silver  Carbide.  W.  IT. 
Welker. 

A  Chemical  and  Bacteriological  Survey  of  the  Water  Supply 
of  South  Bethlehem.  Arthur  Edgar. 

The  Investigation  and  Preparation  of  Photographic  Fabrics. 
C.  H.  Ohlwiler. 

A  New  Method  for  the  Determination  of  Phosphorus  in 
Phosphor  Bronze.  C.  B.  White. 

Methods  for  the  Determination  of  Free  and  Albumenoid 
Ammonia  in  Drinking  Water.  Clyde  Denlinger. 

Investigation  of  Aromatic  Ethers.  S.  H.  Salisbury,  Jr. 

Investigation  of  the  Effect  of  Moisture  on  the  Production  of 
Pig  Iron  and  the  Consumption  of  Coke.  W.  C.  Smith. 

Sanitary  Survey  of  the  Milk  Supply  of  South  Bethlehem, 
i9°5-i9°6.  J.  G.  Smull. 

Sanitary  Survey  of  the  Milk  Supply  of  South  Bethlehem, 
1906-1907.  R.  L.  Lafferrander. 

The  Action  of  Sulphuric  Acid  on  Pig  Iron.  M.  H.  Ulman. 

IX.  Graduate  Courses. 

The  degree  of  Master  of  Science  is  conferred  upon  any  candi¬ 
date,  otherwise  properly  qualified,  who  after  having  taken  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science,  or  its  equivalent  at  any  college 
or  University,  shall  pursue  for  at  least  one  year  at  this  Univer¬ 
sity,  a  course  of  advanced  study  in  two  departments  (under 
two  professors),  pass  the  examinations  of  the  same  and  present 
a  satisfactory  thesis. 

The  course  of  study  may  be  selected,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Faculty,  from  the  list  of  subjects  given  in  the  Register,  at  least 
fifteen  exercises  per  week  being  chosen  in  two  departments. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  work  is  to  be  in  one  department  and 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


25 


about  one-third  in  another,  these  being  called  the  major  and 
minor  departments.  The  thesis  is  to  be  prepared  on  a  subject 
connected  with  the  studies  of  the  major  department. 

Candidates  who  desire  to  receive  the  Master’s  degree  in  June 
of  1908  are  required  to  confer  w'ith  the  professors  on  or  before 
September  21,1907,  and  to  present  their  courses  of  study  to  the 
Faculty  for  approval  on  September  23,  1907. 

Graduate  courses  are  offered  in  the  Department  of  Chemistry 
and  Chemical  Engineering  as  follows : 

1.  Industrial  Chemistry. 

2.  Sanitary  Chemistry. 

3.  Organic  Chemistry. 

4.  Inorganic  Chemistry. 

5.  Analytical  Chemistry. 


IX.  Special  Courses. 

Special  courses,  not  leading  to  a  degree,  are  offered  to  all 
who  shall  present  to  the  Faculty  satisfactory  evidence  of  such 
previous  training  as  will  enable  the  candidate  to  meet  the  re¬ 
quirements  of  the  courses  he  may  wish  to  pursue.  Such  course-s 
may  be  made  up  from  the  program  on  pages  8  and  9.  In  no 
case  will  a  first  term  subject  be  given  in  the  second  term,  or  a 
second  term  subject  in  the  first  term. 

X.  Summer  Schools. 

There  are  no  required  summer  schools  in  the  course  in 
Chemistry,  but  for  those  students  of  this  institution  or  others, 
having  conditions  or  wishing  to  pass  off  subjects  in  advance, 
courses  in  elementary  chemistry,  qualitative  analysis,  quan¬ 
titative  analysis,  stoichiometry  and  assaying  will  be  given. 
With  the  exception  of  elementary  chemistry,  these  courses  are 
identical  with  the  regular  courses  offered  during  the  year. 

The  instruction  begins  July  31,  1907,  and  continues  for  four 
weeks. 

In  the  course  in  Chemical  Engineering,  attendance  is  re¬ 
quired  in  the  summer  schools,  lasting  four  weeks,  at  the  end 


26 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


of  the  Freshman,  Sophomore  and  Junior  years.  See  program 
of  studies,  page  9. 

XI.  The  Course  in  Chemical  Engineering. 

A  demand  exists  for  young  men  who  have  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  chemistry  and  of  mechanical  engineering.  The 
course  in  Chemical  Engineering  is  intended  to  prepare  students 
to  meet  this  demand. 

In  this  course  the  training  is  essentially  chemical  and  the 
graduates  are  primarily  chemists  with  a  good  knowledge  of 
mechanical  and  electrical  engineering. 

This  equipment  is  considered  more  valuable  for  the  chemical 
engineer  than  a  fundamental  training  in  engineering  and  a 
somewhat  limited  knowledge  of  chemistry,  since  the  problems 
of  the  manufacturing  chemist  are  not  essentially  mechanical 
ones.  Although  six  years’  work  covering  most  of  the  studies  of 
both  the  chemical  and  mechanical  courses  would  be  found 
advantageous  for  the  chemical  engineer,  this  shorter  course, 
of  four  years,  will  meet  most  of  his  requirements. 

Graduates  of  this  course  receive  the  degree  of  Chemical  En¬ 
gineer  (Ch.E.). 

The  course  in  Chemical  Engineering  differs  from  the  course 
in  Chemistry  in  that  it  does  not  include  Crystallography,  Blow¬ 
pipe  Analysis,  Mineralogy  and  Geology ;  the  time  devoted  to 
Quantitative  Analysis  is  shortened  from  944  hours  to  576.  The 
additional  subjects  given  are  as  follows: 

DRAWING  AND  ELEMENTS  OF  MACHINE 
DESIGN. 

Tracings  and  blue  prints.  Sketches  and  working  drawings  of 
machine  pieces.  Interpretation  of  machine  drawing  by  iso¬ 
metric  sketches.  General  view  from  given  details.  Sections  of 
stub  ends  and  valve  passages.  Intersection  of  boiler  flues. 
Empirical  proportioning  of  machine  parts. 

Proportioning  of  such  machine  parts  as  come  under  the  head 
of  fastenings,  bearings,  rotating  and  sliding  pieces,  belt  and 
toothed  gearing,  levers,  and  connecting  rods. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


2  7 


BOILERS. 

Description  of  various  types,  and  of  details  of  construction, 
staying,  setting  etc. ;  strength  of  the  structure  ;  accessories,  fuels 
and  furnaces;  operation;  wear  and  tear;  visits  of  inspection  to  a 
boiler  shop  and  to  a  boiler  plant.  Text-book:  Peabody  and 
Miller. 

STEAM  ENGINE. 

Elementary  Thermodynamics,  theory  of  the  ideal  heat  engine, 
properties  of  steam  and  efficiency  of  the  steam  engine.  Me¬ 
chanics  of  the  engine,  steam  pressures,  inertia  resistances, 
turning  force  diagrams,  etc.  Valve  gears,  valve  diagrams  ap¬ 
plied  to  slide  valves,  shaft  governors,  and  link  motion.  The 
steam  engine  indicator  and  study  of  diagrams.  Outline  of  the 
study  of  economy,  compounding,  etc.  The  descriptive  work 
is  supplemented  by  shop  visits.  The  solution  of  many  graphical 
and  numerical  problems  is  required.  Text-book :  Heck’s 
Steam  Engine. 

ENGINEERING  LABORATORY. 

Use  and  calibration  of  apparatus  for  measuring  weight, 
volume,  pressure,  temperature,  speed,  etc.,  for  engineering  pur¬ 
poses. 

Indicator  practice,  on  engines  in  the  laboratory  and  in  fac¬ 
tories  and  power  plants  in  the  neighborhood ;  complete  work¬ 
ing  up  of  indicator  diagrams  from  simple  and  compound  en¬ 
gines,  air  compressors,  etc.  Tests  of  boilers,  of  power  plants 
and  of  pumping  stations  in' the  neighborhood.  Advanced  work 
along  the  lines  of  the  course  in  Engineering  Laboratory  given 
below. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM. 

Electrical  units,  electrical  measurements,  inductance,  the 
magnetism  of  iron,  and  electromagnetic  theory.  Lectures, 
recitations,  and  problem  work. 

ELECTRICAL  LABORATORY. 

Laboratory  work  accompanying  the  above  course.  Precise 
electrical  measurements. 


COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY  AND 


28 


DYNAMOS  AND  MOTORS. 

This  is  an  abbreviated  course  adapted  to  those  students  who 
do  not  continue  this  subject  in  the  following  year.  Special 
attention  is  given  to  the  operation,  regulation,  management, 
and  methods  of  testing  of  dynamos  and  motors.  Illustrative 
problems. 

ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERING. 

Continuation  of  the  course  in  Dynamos  and  Motors.  Special 
attention  is  given  to  outside  and  interior  wiring;  overhead  and 
underground  line  construction.  The  latter  part  of  this  study  is 
devoted  to  the  standard  types  of  alternating  current  machines, 
including  alternators,  motors,  rotary  converters  and  trans¬ 
formers. 


MECHANICS  OF  MACHINERY. 

Graphical  statics  of  mechanisms.  Determination  of  the  effi¬ 
ciency  of  a  machine  and  of  the  forces  acting  in  every  one  of  its 
pieces  and  parts.  All  the  problems  are  given  to  the  students 
in  the  form  of  black  prints  and  consist  of  a  series  of  suitably 
graded  examples  of  machinery.  In  these  both  frictional  and 
inertia  resistances  are  considered. 

CONSTRUCTIVE  ELEMENTS  OF  MACHINERY. 

Visits  of  inspection.  Examination  and  sketching  of  machine 
parts  and  machinery.  A  classified  and  numbered  list  of  some 
three  hundred  and  sixty  items  is  given  to  each  student,  who 
makes  a  written  report  on  them  with  freehand  sketches  con¬ 
taining  the  leading  dimensions.  The  class  is  divided  into 
sections,  which  are  separately  taken  into  the  shops  by  the  in¬ 
structor,  who  then  indicates  the  pieces  that  are  to  be  examined 
and  gives  all  necessary  explanations.  In  addition  a  score  of 
machines  of  all  sorts  are  taken  apart  and  again  put  together  by 
this  class.  This  work  is  accompanied  by  Constructive  Ele¬ 
ments  of  Electrical  Apparatus.  Summer  term,  four  weeks, 
beginning  June  n,  1908. 


CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 


29 


CONSTRUCTIVE  ELEMENTS  OF  ELECTRICAL 
APPARATUS. 

Studies  of  electrical  machinery  and  appliances,  with  the  object 
of  familiarizing  the  student  with  principles  of  operation, 
structural  details,  and  practical  uses.  The  student  is  supplied 
with  a  complete  printed  outline  of  the  work  to  be  done  contain¬ 
ing  full  instructions  and  explanations.  The  work  consists  of 
three  parts,  as  follows :  (a)  Illustrated  lectures,  ( b )  Inspection 
and  sketching  of  electrical  machines  and  apparatus,  and 
(c)  Visits  of  inspection  to  neighboring  electric  light  and  power 
plants.  Written  reports  are  required  on  each  day’s  work.  This 
work  is  accompanied  by  Constructive  Elements  of  Machinery. 
Summer  term,  four  weeks,  beginning  June  11,  1908. 

MECHANICAL  TECHNOLOGY. 

Each  student  is  required  to  give  a  full  written  description  of 
the  various  processes,  operations  and  tools  involved  in  the 
production  of  each  one  of  a  series  of  properly  graded  examples 
of  patterns,  castings,  forgings,  and  finished  pieces,  which  are 
under  construction  in  the  shops  at  the  time  and  drawings  for 
which  have  been  given  to  him  on  entering  the  shops.  The 
student’s  work  is  personally  directed  by  an  instructor,  who  ac¬ 
companies  him  in  each  shop,  gives  necessary  explanations,  and 
tests  the  extent  and  accuracy  of  his  knowledge.  Four  teachers 
are  engaged  for  this  work,  one  for  each  shop  and  section. 
Summer  term,  four  weeks,  beginning  June  11,  1908. 

ENGINEERING  LABORATORY  (SUMMER  SCHOOL). 

Simple  tests  with  steam:  steam  calorimeters,  injectors,  flow  of 
steam,  performance  of  steam-traps,  etc. ;  tests  of  small  steam 
pumps,  of  a  steam  turbine,  of  engine  performance ;  of  hot-air 
and  gas  engines,  and  of  an  air  compressor.  Boiler  manage¬ 
ment  and  testing.  Dynamometer  work,  belt  testing,  friction 
and  lubrication.  Summer  term,  four  weeks,  beginning  June 
11,  1908. 

For  further  information,  intending  students  should  consult  the 
University  Register,  obtainable,  on  request,  from  the  Registrar. 


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